El papel de la Corte Penal Internacional en la justicia transicional y su contribución a la reconciliación en África
Resumen
Este artículo examina el papel de la Corte Penal Internacional dentro de la justicia transicional y su potencial para contribuir a la reconciliación en África. Aunque a menudo se percibe a la CPI como un órgano puramente procesal, este análisis aboga por una interpretación más amplia de su mandato, alineándola con los pilares centrales de la justicia transicional: enjuiciamientos, búsqueda de la verdad, reparaciones y garantías de no repetición. Tomando como referencia la Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación de Sudáfrica, el artículo propone que la CPI, aun careciendo de un mecanismo de amnistía, puede desempeñar funciones reconciliadoras similares mediante acuerdos de culpabilidad (plea bargaining). El análisis también identifica déficits de legitimidad que socavan los esfuerzos de reconciliación en el contexto africano, derivados de cuestiones como la desconexión cultural, los enjuiciamientos selectivos y una interpretación rígida del principio de complementariedad. El artículo concluye que la reconciliación es alcanzable si la CPI adopta un enfoque holístico y culturalmente sensible y fortalece su cooperación con actores nacionales y regionales, como la Unión Africana.
Recibido: 14 mayo 2025; Aceptado: 26 noviembre 2025
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